LECTURES – 2005 EU School of HEP – Austria
Wilfried BUCHMUELLER: Field theory and the Standard Model
Gerhard ECKER: QCD
John ELLIS: Beyond the Standard Model
Robert FLEISCHER: Flavour Physics and CP Violation
Manfred JEITLER: CP Violation in K-decays: Experimental Aspects
Rocky KOLB: Particle Cosmology
Manfred LINDNER: Neutrinos
Larry McLERRAN: Heavy Ions
Wolfram MUELLER: The Physics of Ski Jumping
Herbert PIETSCHMANN: Physics and Philosophy
Laurenz WIDHALM: CP Violation in B-decays: Experimental Aspects
Wilfried BUCHMUELLER: Field theory and the Standard Model
1. Quantization of fields
2. Non-Abelian gauge theories
3. Basics of renormalization
4. Electroweak symmetry breaking
5. Electroweak interactions of leptons and quarks
READING LIST
* O. Nachtmann, Elementary Particle Physics: Concepts and Phenomena, Springer (1990)
* M. E. Peskin, D. V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, Addison-Wesley 1995
* C. Quigg, Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions, Benjamin-Cummings (1993)
After a historical account of our understanding of the strong interactions, the structure and the main properties of QCD as a gauge field theory will be described. The perturbative approach to QCD at high energies and its great successes will be discussed. At low energies, one relies on (partly approximate) global symmetries of QCD for constructing an effective field theory of the standard model in the confinement regime. The basic ingredients, successes and problems of this effective theory (chiral perturbation theory) will be discussed. Examples of phenomenological applications will be given.
1. From the quark model to asymptotic freedom
2. QCD as a nonabelian gauge field theory
3. Status of perturbative QCD
4. Effective field theory approach to QCD at low energies
5. Applications of chiral perturbation theory
READING LIST
Books:
M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder, An introduction to quantum field theory (Addison-Wesley, 1995)
J.F. Donoghue, E. Golowich and B.R. Holstein, Dynamics of the standard model (Cambridge U.P., 1994)
R.K. Ellis, W.J. Stirling and B.R Webber, QCD and collider physics (Cambridge U.P., 2003)
Lecture notes:
A. Khodjamirian, QCD and hadrons: an elementary introduction, Lectures given at the 2003 European School of High Energy Physics, hep-ph/0403145
Yu. L. Dokshitzer, QCD phenomenology, Lectures given at the 2002 European School of High Energy Physics, http://doc.cern.ch/yellowrep/2004/2004-001/p1.pdf
G. Altarelli, A QCD primer, Lectures given at the 2001 European School of High Energy Physics, hep-ph/0204179
G. Ecker, Chiral perturbation theory, Lectures given at the Topical Seminar on Frontiers of Particle Physics 2004: QCD and Light Hadrons, Beijing, China, Sept. 26 - 30, 2004, http://bes.ihep.ac.cn/conference/2004summersch/file/beijingge.pdf
John ELLIS: Beyond the Standard Model
MISSING
Robert FLEISCHER: Flavour Physics and CP Violation
After motivating why studies of flavour physics and CP violation are interesting, we turn to the Standard Model of electroweak interactions, where the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix plays the key role in this context. We will then have a closer look at the B-meson system, which will be the main focus of these lectures, and will introduce the theoretical concept of low-energy effective Hamiltonians. This allows us to move towards studies of CP violation in the B-meson system, to discuss the key problems in the exploration of this phenomenon, and to classify the main strategies to deal with them.
Lecture II:
In this lecture, we will have a detailed look at the main strategies to explore CP violation sketched in Lecture I. We will first discuss amplitude relations, which can be derived in fortunate cases, and will then move on to decays of neutral B mesons, which contain particularly promising channels for the B factories. After analyzing these modes in view of the most recent B-factory data, we turn to the “El Dorado” for hadron colliders, the Bs-meson system, and discuss the benchmark modes for LHCb.
Lecture III:
The studies of CP violation discussed in Lectures I and II are nicely complemented through “rare” decays, which are absent at the tree level of the Standard Model, but may arise from loop processes and are therefore very sensitive to new physics. We illustrate the physics potential of rare decays by giving a specific example, and discuss how physics beyond the Standard Model may, in general, affect the roadmap of quark-flavour physics. We discuss then the implications of the current B-factory data, and give an example of a systematic strategy to search for new physics. Finally, we summarize the main aspects of flavour physics and CP violation, and give a brief outlook.
READING LIST
- Lecture notes and review articles:
Flavour Physics and CP Violation, R. Fleischer, hep-ph/0405091
New Physics in B and K Decays, R. Fleischer, hep-ph/0505018
CP Violation in the B System and Relations to K ---> pi nu anti-nu Decays, R. Fleischer, Physics Reports 370 (2002) 537 [hep-ph/0207108]
Flavour Physics and CP Violation, A.J. Buras, hep-ph/0505175
Weak Hamiltonian, CP Violation and Rare Decays, A.J. Buras, hep-ph/9806471
B Decays at the LHC, P. Ball et al., hep-ph/0003238
- Books:
CP Violation, K. Kleinknecht, (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Vol. 195, 2004)
CP Violation, I.I. Bigi and A.I. Sanda, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000)
CP Violation, G. Branco, L. Lavoura and J. Silva, (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1999)
Heavy Flavours II. A.J. Buras and M. Lindner (eds.), (World Scientific, Singapore, 1998)
Manfred JEITLER: CP Violation in K-decays: Experimental Aspects
The phenomenon of CP-violation was first established over 40 years ago in the kaon system. For a very long time, this system remained the only place where CP-violation could be observed. It has taken several generations of experiments to prove that CP-violation was not just accidentally produced in state mixing but could occur directly in the decay of particles. With the advent of CP-violation studies in the B-meson sector, the kaon sector has by no means lost interest. To really understand the phenomenon, it is important to compare effects in both fields with high accuracy. Some very challenging experiments are underway or in preparation. The lecture will give a brief overview of developments and the current state of our knowledge, and an outlook on future plans.
READING LIST
Same as Robert Fleischer's list
Rocky KOLB: Particle Cosmology
Lecture #1: The observational basis for the standard cosmological model
Lecture #2: Particle dark matter
Lecture #3: Inflation as the origin of perturbations
READING LIST
Lecture #1: Suggested readings
W.L. Freedman and M.S. Turner, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75:1433-1447,2003
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The Early Universe, Chapters 1-3
Lecture #2: Suggested readings
V. Trimble, Ann.Rev.Astron.Astrophys.25:425-472,1987
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The Early Universe, Chapters 5
J. Ellis, Phil.Trans.Roy.Soc.Lond.A361:2607,2003
Lecture #3: Suggested readings
D. Lyth and A. Riotto, Phys.Rept.314:1-146,1999
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The Early Universe, Chapters 8 and 9
A.R. Liddle and D. Lyth, Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale Structure
The lecture will begin with an overview of the current knowledge on neutrino properties. Next, the physics potential of on-going and planned precision experiments will be discussed. This will be followed by theoretical interpretations as well as a discussion of the role of neutrinos as probes in geo-physics, nuclear physics, solar physics, astrophyiscs and cosmology.
Online:
M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia and Y. Nir, Neutrino Masses and Mixing: Evidence and Implications, published in Rev.Mod.Phys.75:345-402,2003, e-Print Archive: hep-ph/0202058
Online transparencies of Nobel Symposium 129, 'Neutrino Physics', August 19-24, 2004, Haga Slott, Enköping, Sweden: http://www.physics.kth.se/nobel2004/ ->program
Books:
G. Altarelli und K. Winter, eds., Neutrino mass, Springer 2004.
K. Zuber, Neutrino Physics, IOP 2004.
M. Fukugita, and T. Yanagida, Physics of neutrinos and applications, to astrophysics, , Springer, 2003.
Lecture I RHIC Physics
This lecture concerns the properties of new states of matter which might be seen at RHIC and LHC. I review the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma and the role it plays in astrophysics. I discuss the phase structure of QCD, and the physics issues we can study using hot hadronic matter.
The results and methods of lattice gauge theory for computing properties of this matter are reviewed.
I introduce the concept of the Color Glass Condensate as a universal form of matter which controls the high energy limit of QCD. This matter is a high density state of gluons, and is the source of a number of high energy phenomena. In particular, it provides the initial conditions for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.
Lecture II Space-Time Picture of Hadrons
This lecture introduces the conceptual tools needed to understand the basic physics of high energy collisions, and the formation of a Quark Gluon Plasma in such collisions. Much time is spent on developing the relationship between momentum space and coordinate space variables. I show how the Color Glass Condensate appears within such variables.
I discuss gluon production, and the thermalization of these gluons after their production.
Lecture III Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions and New Forms of Matter
The Color Glass Condensate ultimately generates the Quark Gluon Plasma in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. There are a variety of signals associated with this formation. The QGP evolves hydrodynamically and produces collective effects which are seen in the experimental data. Also, high momentum probes such as jets can tell us about the density achieved in such collisions, and potentially measure properties such as the sound velocity.
I discuss the current status of theoretical ideas and experimental measurements of such phenomena at RHIC.
Wolfram MUELLER: The Physics of Ski Jumping (After dinner lecture)
The Olympian ideal of going faster, jumping longer and leaping higher than the opposition is central to competitive sports. Winning or losing in sport is related to a number of factors and biomechanics, anthropometrics, and aerodynamics play a major role in many sports. This lecture focuses on ski jumping.
Performance in ski jumping is determined not only by the motor abilities of the athlete, but also to a large extent by the aerodynamic features of the equipment used and by a low body weight.
In the lecture the dynamics of ski jumping is described together with supporting evidence from field studies, wind tunnel measurements and computer simulations.
Since many ski jumpers were extremely underweight, the problems of diet sometimes leading to severe eating disorders is discussed, and strategies for improving the health, fairness, and safety of the athletes are presented
Herbert PIETSCHMANN: Physics and Philosophy (After dinner lecture)
See http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Herbert.Pietschmann/
Laurenz WIDHALM: CP Violation in B-decays: Experimental Aspects
Studies of CP-violation, especially in the B-meson sector, are one of the hottest topics of today's high energy physics; experiments like BaBar in the US, or Belle in Japan, have only very recently started to produce large amounts of B-mesons, and the last years have brought numerous new results of high relevance. From the theoretical point of view, several very firm and accurate predictions can be made within the Standard Model, and verified in experiment; New Physics could reveal itself in many places.
This lecture, in succession of the series on CP Violation by Robert Fleischer at this school, sheds light on the topic from a slightly different perspective, which is meant to be a link between the theory you have learned at Robert's lecture, and the daily work at your experiment.
It is divided in three main parts, where the first summarizes the properties of the B-meson, with emphasis on how they show up in experiment. A comparison with the K-meson stresses the common features as well as the differences (and the reason for these differences).
The second part deals with B-meson production techniques, and provides an overview about facilities world-wide. Experiments of the past, present and future are presented (although time will not allow a detailed discussion, but I expect this to be well covered by your posters).
In the last part, the focus is on a selection of important analyses at these experiments. After a short summary of the theoretical background, recent results and their implications are discussed.
The lecture closes with an outlook to the near (and less near) future - which will be of course in your hands, as well.
READING LIST
Same as Robert Fleischer's list